Martello Towers….
I was recently looking at an
old print of the beach at my home town just South of Dublin and saw what I knew to be a Martello Tower. It was situated not far from the beach but is no
longer there. It was used during the Great
Famine to distribute food to local families. I also knew that there was
another one close to the harbour, which is supposed to be owned by Bono from U2. You can see parts of it and it is supposed to be a beautiful home.
Once my curiosity was
aroused, I began to read and search for more details and found that these
towers represent an intriguing period of ‘British’
history. Ireland was under the control of Britain at the relevant time 1805……
I also knew from my fishing trips to the Kent coastline that there are many towers dotted along the English Channel and along the south coast of England. However, I did not know that they were dotted all over the then British Empire.
On 7th February 1794, two British Warships, Fortitude and Juno attacked Mortella Point in Corsica where they pounded the fort for two days with cannon. Although damaged, it withstood the barrage. It eventually fell when it was successfully attacked from the land instead of the sea.
A report by the Captains of the ships was passed to the Admiralty in London praising the structure. It seems that they got the design correct but seem to have misspelt the name. Henceforth, they became known as Martello Towers.
When war broke out between Britain and the French under Napoleon, the British decided to fortify all strategic points, especially those on the south coast of England with such towers. A chain numbering 105 were built along the coast of Kent, Essex, Sussex and Suffolk as a priority. Others were subsequently built throughout the British Empire. Along the East Coast of Ireland, many were built to protect the port of Dublin.
However, France also copied the design and built several as did the United States Government. Others were built in far distant places for example, Australia, Canada, Minorca, South Africa and Sri Lanka.
I also knew from my fishing trips to the Kent coastline that there are many towers dotted along the English Channel and along the south coast of England. However, I did not know that they were dotted all over the then British Empire.
On 7th February 1794, two British Warships, Fortitude and Juno attacked Mortella Point in Corsica where they pounded the fort for two days with cannon. Although damaged, it withstood the barrage. It eventually fell when it was successfully attacked from the land instead of the sea.
A report by the Captains of the ships was passed to the Admiralty in London praising the structure. It seems that they got the design correct but seem to have misspelt the name. Henceforth, they became known as Martello Towers.
When war broke out between Britain and the French under Napoleon, the British decided to fortify all strategic points, especially those on the south coast of England with such towers. A chain numbering 105 were built along the coast of Kent, Essex, Sussex and Suffolk as a priority. Others were subsequently built throughout the British Empire. Along the East Coast of Ireland, many were built to protect the port of Dublin.
However, France also copied the design and built several as did the United States Government. Others were built in far distant places for example, Australia, Canada, Minorca, South Africa and Sri Lanka.
They continued to be built up
to the 1850’s long after the war with Napoleon
was over. In actual fact none of them ever saw combat. When the threat of a French invasion had passed, many were
taken over by customs and coastguard in the fight against smugglers. Others
were washed away by sea storms. A few
were used as target practice for the latest artillery.
A great many have now been
demolished but others are kept as museums, historical sites and indeed
beautiful homes. Several isolated towers are in a derelict condition.
During an attack, it had been
proved that the strength of the structure protected it from artillery by its
dimensions. They were normally circular, 36 – 45 feet in diameter with a single
doorway 15 feet above the ground. The average height of each tower was thirty
feet.
Entrance was gained by the use of a ladder. They were normally two storey buildings with a flat room upon which was placed a two and a half ton cannon capable of firing a twenty four pound shot a mile out to sea. Two smaller cannon were also sited on the roof. The circular roof gave 360-degree cover in all directions.
The walls were about thirteen feet thick on the sea facing side and eight feet thick on the landward side. They were formidable buildings and those that have been maintained remain as structurally sound as the day they were built.
Entrance was gained by the use of a ladder. They were normally two storey buildings with a flat room upon which was placed a two and a half ton cannon capable of firing a twenty four pound shot a mile out to sea. Two smaller cannon were also sited on the roof. The circular roof gave 360-degree cover in all directions.
The walls were about thirteen feet thick on the sea facing side and eight feet thick on the landward side. They were formidable buildings and those that have been maintained remain as structurally sound as the day they were built.
A garrison of one officer and
twenty-four soldiers could man each tower.
-------Mike-----